<p>Alexander Watson Batte House, also known as The Old Place, is a historic home located at Jarratt, Greensville County, Virginia. It was built between 1815 and 1835, and is a -story hall-parlor house built on a fieldstone foundation. It features massive fieldstone chimneys flanking the gable roofed dwelling. Also on the property is a contributing 19th century barn.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Gras House, at 616 W. Elias in Rock Springs, Wyoming, is a Bungalow/craftsman house that was built in 1913–14. Also known as the Boucvalt—Gras House, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>It is significant as one of the earliest bungalow houses built in Rock Springs, of architecture that evolved and suited what was a "growing and</p><br>
<p>solid middle class."</p><br>
<p>Halifax County Courthouse is a historic county courthouse located at Halifax, Halifax County, Virginia. It was designed and built in 1838-1839 by Dabney Cosby. It is a two-story, T-shaped brick building in the Federal style. The front facade features a two-story, tetrastyle portico in the Greek Ionic order.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It is located in the Town of Halifax Court House Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Carlbrook is a historic home and estate located at Halifax, Halifax County, Virginia, United States. It was designed by Richmond architect Luther P. Hartsook and built in 1928–1930. The Carlsbrook house is a -story stone dwelling consisting of a hipped roof, five bay, central block and flanking one bay stone wings. The front facade features a recessed entrance with paired Corinthian order columns and a sandstone arch in the Classical Revival style. Also on the property are the contributing elaborate stone garage, a lake with a stone spillway, stone bridges and garden features, and several smaller outbuildings.</p><br>
<p>The estate was the site of the therapeutic boarding Carlbrook School from 2002 to 2015.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Black Walnut is a historic plantation house and farm located near Clover, Halifax County, Virginia. The main house was built in at least three sections beginning about 1774 to 1790. In the 1840s and 1850s, a substantial two-story frame addition was built in two stages parallel to the existing house, along with a connecting hyphen, altogether giving the house an H-shape. The interior features Greek Revival style details.</p><br>
<p>Also on the property are the contributing brick kitchen, a dairy, a wash-house, two smokehouses, two sheds, a cool-storage building, a privy, a stable, a barn, a slave cabin, a corncrib, two machine sheds, a toolshed, a garage, a late 18th-century schoolhouse, and the family cemetery.</p><br>
<p>At its peak, Black Walnut Plantation was one of the largest and most successful plantations in Halifax County. The only Civil War battle fought in Halifax County, the Battle of Staunton River Bridge, took place on Black Walnut Plantation in Summer 1864. Confederate troops maintained encampment there during the war alongside up to 800 Confederate slave laborers.</p><br>
<p>During the September 1939, Academy Award Winner Mary Pickford visited Black Walnut as Queen of the festival.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>The Staunton River Battlefield Project is a collaboration between the Dr. James W. Jordan Archaeology Field School and the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation – Division of State Parks. This research is being undertaken at Staunton River Battlefield State Park. Originally the focus was on the Civil War battle that took place on this site in 1864. Following the work on the Civil War site, the focus shifted to the prehistoric past when the remnants of a Saponi Indian village dating back to the Late Woodland period were discovered at the Randy K. Wade Archeological Site.</p><br>
<p>To date, more than 100,000 artifacts have been recovered from this site and radiocarbon dating has demonstrated that the site was occupied from approximately A.D. 950 to 1425. Paleo-environmental data has indicated that the site was occupied year-round, rather than seasonally, and it is currently estimated that around 200 people lived at the Wade Site. This research has focused on a variety of questions including subsistence strategy and horticultural development, social organization, mortuary practices, and environment reconstruction.</p><br>
<p>Some of the more intriguing evidence at the site relates to the variability in the burial practices that may indicate social stratification and a shift from Big Man to Chiefdom social organization. Also of interest is whether the site was actually an island in the Staunton River and whether it may have been one at the time the site was occupied. Future fieldwork will continue to seek answers to these and other questions.</p><br>
<h2>Initial survey and settlement, 1700s</h2><br>
<p>In 1741, Richard Randolph of Henrico County was granted a land patent of 10,300 acres situated along both shores of the Staunton River, Licking Hole Creek, and Black Walnut Creek, in what was then Lunenburg County. With the creation of Halifax County in 1752, 3,100 acres of Randolphs original land patent was cut off and annexed to the newly established county. In 1748, Richard devised this parcel to his son, John Randolph. Randolph never resided on this property since the familys primary residence was Henrico County where they owned several plantations along the James River. During this early period, however, the property was referred to as the "Black Walnut Plantation" indicating some type of improvement on the site.</p><br>
<h3>Acquisition by William Sims, 1768</h3><br>
<p>Twenty years later, in June 1768, John Randolph sold the entire 3,100-acre parcel to William Sims of Cornwall Parish, Charlotte County. The deed from John Randolph to William Sims described the tract as being part of a larger tract known as "Black Walnut Plantation" and a small plantation opposite to the mouth of the Little Roanoke River. William Sims and his brothers, David and Matthew, moved to Halifax County from Charlotte around 1770. During William Sims&#39; brief tenure, tobacco was cultivated as the main crop, along with other crops and livestock. After five years of ownership, William Sims sold his 3,100-acre property to Matthew Sims for five shillings. Matthew Sims settled on part of the property and, in February 1774, surveyed off 1,750 acres and sold it to his brother, David Sims.</p><br>
<h2>Early settlement and land-use, 1770s–1800s</h2><br>
<h3>Matthew Sims (1773–1790)</h3><br>
<p>The lands retained by Matthew Sims were established as his homestead, where he built his manor house. The main house, which dates to the 1770s, probably stood as a 1-story or -story single-pile, four-room house with interior end chimneys. The earliest documented outbuilding associated with the Black Walnut plantation was constructed southeast of the main house and consisted of a -story, wood-frame building (Figure 9). This building terminates in a steeply pitched roof that is sheathed in standing-seam metal. The late-eighteenth-century structure was used as a schoolhouse; the building is still extant on the Black Walnut property.</p><br>
<p>Matthew took an active role in the Episcopal church, as did many of Halifax County&#39;s leading citizens. The boundaries of Halifax County and the Episcopal parish, Antrim, coincided. In 1783 Matthew and several other leading citizens were designated to collect tithes in the western section of the county.</p><br>
<p>Matthew married Amey (Oney) May of Charlotte County in 1774. Matthew died in 1790 and left behind his wife and nine children. An inventory dated November 1790 shows his estate as including 40 slaves, personal belongings, crops, and livestock. Agricultural crops listed in this inventory included "200 barrels corn, crop of tobo. 1790 supposed 15000" pounds. Livestock included 45 cattle and horses, and 13 hogs. Amey May Sims acquired title to a 325-acre tract of land, including "the mansion house". According to Matthew Sims&#39; inventory, the remaining twenty slaves were divided among his children. His son, Matthew, received "1 Negro man slave, Taylor, 1 Negro woman slave, Page, 2 Negro girls, Julia and Hannah". His daughter, Lettie Sims, was bequeathed "1 Negro man slave, Daniel, 1 boy slave, Lott, 1 girl slave, Dorcas". Charles Sims was left "l Negro man slave, Easop, 1 Negro slave girl, Tamer". Nancey Sims was bequeathed "1 Negro man slave, Davie, 1 Negro girl slave, Jeanney". Martricia received "1 Negro man Slave, Toney, 1 Negro woman Slave, Elie, and child, Visay". Oney was bequeathed "1 Negro boy Slave, Harry; 1 Negro girl Slave, Little Nanney; 1 Negro boy Slave, Ceasar". Elizabeth Sims received three slaves, including "l Negro man Slave, Antony, 1 Negro boy Slave, Emanuel, 1 Negro girl Slave, Unity".</p><br>
<h3>David Sims (1774-1783)</h3><br>
<p>David Sims settled on the 1,750-acre portion of the original Randolph land grant that he purchased from Matthew in 1774. David operated the plantation for a decade, from 1774 until his death in 1783. In January 1774, he married Lettice May from Charlotte County. David established himself as a prominent planter and served as vestryman for Antrim Parish beginning in 1782. When David died in 1783, he left behind his widow and four children, Betsy, Priscilla, Patty, and John. His inventory at the time of his death was quite substantial and included 30 slaves, 70 cows, three oxen, 57 sheep, 59 hogs, 11 horses, household furniture, and farming equipment. Most of his real estate was bequeathed to his son, John, and held in trust until 1803, when he became old enough to operate the plantation. During this period, the plantation continued to produce tobacco, in addition to corn, beef, and pork. A 1797 inventory listed 27 slaves, 39 head of cattle, 90 hogs, 45 young pigs, 35 geese, and several horses.</p><br>
<h2>Land-use and development, 1800s-1890s</h2><br>
<h3>John Sims (1803-1852)</h3><br>
<p>John Sims, David Sims son, was largely responsible for Black Walnuts success as one of the most prosperous farms in Halifax County. John Sims received his inheritance in 1803, which included the 1,500-acre tract of land and 29 slaves. John Sims acquired additional landholdings in the county throughout the 1800s, becoming one of the largest landowners in the area. Only three other landowners, William Logan, Richard Logan, and John Coleman, held more land by 1850. John Sims operated the Black Walnut plantation for the next five decades, until his death in 1852.</p><br>
<p>John Sims received his formal education at Hampden-Sydney. In 1809, he had acquired the 325-acre tract and mansion from his uncle Matthew&#39;s heirs. The following year, John Sims married Maria Wilson Clark. During their marriage, they resided at the Black Walnut plantation house. John and Maria Sims had four children: Mary Elizabeth, Phebe Ann, Mary Wilson, and William Howson. In 1815, their residence was valued at $2,000.00.Interior appointments included 8 calico window curtains; 1 carpet; 12 chairs with gold leaf; 1 piano; 1 sideboard; 1 mahogany bureau; 1 bureau; 1 chest of drawers; 1 clock; and 2 silver salvers. Maria Sims died in July 1822, and John Sims devoted the rest of his life to rearing his four children and managing the large estate.</p><br>
<p>The Black Walnut Plantation reached its heyday by the mid-nineteenth century under the careful management of John Sims. The plantation in 1850 was described as consisting of 1,000 acres of improved land and 1,200 acres of unimproved land. His prosperity also was illustrated by the significant increase in slaveholdings. Between 1820 and 1840, John Sims increased his slaveholdings from 77 slaves to 137 slaves. By 1850, his labor force included 150 slaves.</p><br>
<p>Tobacco was cultivated as the main cash crop, however, the plantation was diversified and raised such commercial commodities as grain, livestock, and dairy product. A second farm in the county that was operated by John Sims encompassed 337 acres and raised a variety of crops, including corn, oats, tobacco, cotton, and butter.</p><br>
<p>The Black Walnut plantation complex grew to encompass a variety of domestic and agricultural outbuildings; the main house served as the focal point. Domestic outbuildings, including a smokehouse, dairy, kitchen, and icehouse, were placed in a U-shaped cluster to the rear, or west, of the main house. Slave quarters and agricultural outbuildings were more isolated from the main living area. A formal boxwood garden was laid out south of the main house, and a terraced vegetable garden was situated to the northwest. A variety of native and ornamental trees and shrubs landscaped the grounds, and the entire complex was enclosed by woodland. A family cemetery was situated northwest of the house.</p><br>
<p>John Sims prosperity was illustrated by the substantial modifications made to the manor house during the first quarter of the nineteenth century, at which time the central section of the house was raised to a full two-story height. The house was altered again with the construction of a substantial two-story frame addition connected by a central hyphen, resulting in its present H-shaped configuration. The 1848 tax assessment for this property shows an increase in valuation due to "improvements". The plan of the house consisted of two center-hall, single-pile units joined by a center hyphen. The exterior walls were sheathed in beaded wood siding. The buildings massing terminated in a gable roof sheathed in metal standing-seam panels. Wooden block modillions ornamented the front and rear eaves and partially returned cornices. Central brick exterior-end chimneys were located on each gable-end. Small attic vents punctuated the gable ends. The three-bay main facade was characterized by its symmetrical composition. A one-story hipped roof portico was centered on the facade and delineated the front entrance. Nine-over-nine-light, double-hung, wooden sash windows were aligned across this facade. The window openings were framed by louvered wood blinds. One-room units flanked the rear two-story section, and a one-story porch extended across the rear elevation.</p><br>
<p>Only a few of the plantation&#39;s outbuildings are extant from this period of development, and include a wash house/cool storage, a smokehouse, a slave cabin, a corn house, and a two-room brick kitchen situated directly behind the main house. All of these buildings were constructed of wood-frame and terminated in steeply-pitched gable roofs.</p><br>
<p>Two tobacco barns and another slave quarter still survive and are situated southeast of the main house. These outbuildings were isolated from the main domestic complex and were characterized by their log construction. As of 1996, all of these buildings existed in a ruinous state.</p><br>
<h3>William Howson Sims (1852-1890)</h3><br>
<p>William Howson Sims managed the substantial Black Walnut plantation between 1852 until his death in 1890. William Howson was educated at Hampden-Sydney and passed the bar. "However, innovative farming techniques were more attractive to him than the practice of law, and his time was devoted to the running of his plantation". During his tenure, he acquired title to the additional portions of the Black Walnut tract, as well as purchasing other landholdings in Halifax County. William Howson also assisted his aunt, Phoebe Howson Clark Bailey, with the operation of her plantation, "Oak Hill". According to correspondence on file in the Bailey Family Papers, Phoebe Bailey&#39;s nephew, W.H. Sims, would mount his horse and spent the night at her plantation to assist her with affairs.</p><br>
<p>In 1844, prior to inheriting the Black Walnut property, William Howson brought his wife, Sallie J. Wilson, and their four children, Eliza Broadnax, Maria Clark, John, and William Bailey, to reside at the manor house. During the 1860s, both of his daughters were sent to Richmond to attend private school. John Sims attended Virginia Military Institute (VMI) in 1867, while William Bailey was educated at "Creek Side". William S. later graduated from Episcopal High School in Alexandria, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>In 1857, roughly 22 acres were sold to the Richmond and Danville Railroad Company. By this period, William Howson Sims owned 16 tracts of land in Halifax County, along with 116 slaves. He employed four overseers to manage his extensive landholdings. The 1860 Census identifies William Howson Sims as a "planter" owning $57,000.00 worth of real estate and $238,270.00 worth of personal property. maze garden at Black Walnut Plantation.</p><br>
<h2>The Civil War</h2><br>
<p>With the commencement of the Civil War, William H. Sims did not join the Confederate army and, instead, continued to operate his plantation. It is likely that William Sims concurred with the general opinion that the war would be short and successful because as the war progressed, Sims efforts for the Confederate cause increased. In March 1862, Sims was conscripted and was slated to serve as a private in Captain Moores Company of the 84th Virginia Infantry. William appealed his case to the Halifax County Conscription Exemption Board and was allowed to hire a substitute. Sims was required to pay $30.00 to provide his substitute with a uniform. Sims wrote to his uncle about the news. In the same letter, he also noted that Governor Letcher had mobilized the Richmond militia to fight. At that time Union troops were landing at Fort Monroe in Hampton Roads to begin a march upon Richmond. Sims was conscripted again the following year and was exempted. Joseph H. Lambeth served as his substitute.</p><br>
<p>After the Confederate government ceased the practice of substitution, William Sims applied for an exemption. While approval of his exemption was pending, he prepared to join the army as part of the Black Walnut Cavalry Company. Sims did not join the cavalry company but, instead, remained at Black Walnut.</p><br>
<p>In June 1864, the Battle of Staunton River Bridge took place. The Union objective was the destruction of the R&D railroad bridge over the Staunton River. Confederate forces prepared defenses on the Sims side of the river, and on the eastern bank. Following the battle, a permanent Confederate garrison was established on Sims property that was manned by both troops and 800 slave laborers.</p><br>
<p>William Sims was conscripted again in August 1864, at which time he was officially assigned to the Danville Division of the Confederate Subsistence Department, under the command of Col. A. H. McCleish. His duty was to collect foodstuffs in the Halifax region and forward them to the army.</p><br>
<p>According to the 1860 Agricultural Census, William Howson Sims had 1,800 acres under cultivation and 2,000 unimproved acres. During the Civil War, William Howson responded to the state&#39;s dire food shortages by practicing agricultural diversification, harvesting crops such as tobacco, wheat, Indian corn, oats, peas and beans, potatoes, grass seed, and hops. Horses, cows, oxen, sheep, and pigs also were raised on the plantation. Other products included 260 pounds of wool, 300 pounds of butter, and three pounds of beeswax.</p><br>
<p>Throughout 1863, Sims continued to transport agricultural goods to the Clover Depot of the Richmond and Danville (R&D) Railroad. By the following year, William Howson was forced to discontinue shipping agricultural goods from the Clover Depot due to a lack of available railroad cars for storage or transport. William Howson also lost several of his male slaves after they were requisitioned by the Confederate army. In October, Sims&#39; overseers were also conscripted.</p><br>
<p>To exacerbate the situation, the region experienced a drought during the summer of 1864. Sims&#39; efforts to purchase wheat for the army met with little success. In October, Sims collected 14 bushels and 25 pounds of wheat for the Quartermaster Department. In November 1864 Sims provided the Army Quartermaster with 1,948 pounds of baled oats; 2,093 pounds of fodder; and 1,242 pounds of corn. On March 9, 1865, he provided 11,284 pounds of straw.</p><br>
<p>Sims also sold beef to the Confederate troops and slave laborers stationed at the garrison. Sims signed a pardon on August 2, 1865. Union troops continued to occupy the Black Walnut Plantation following the conclusion of the war, however, this did not halt commercial activity. On April 17, 1865, Sims sold 1,500 pounds of oats, one barrel of flour, and three and one-half barrels of corn.</p><br>
<h2>Reconstruction - Present</h2><br>
<p>Following the Civil War, William H. Sims reduced his landholdings. By 1870, the amount of acreage under cultivation dropped to 225 acres, with 1,000 unimproved acres. William H. most likely rented land to tenant farmers; in addition, many of the former slaves continued to live on the plantation, serving either as tenant farmers or paid laborers. Tobacco continued as the primary cash crop during this period. Although tobacco production was less than half of the amount produced during the previous decade, William Howson remained one of the top five tobacco producers in the Roanoke District. Other agricultural crops included wheat, corn, and oats. A variety of livestock was raised during this period, including horses, mules, oxen, cattle, sheep, and pigs.</p><br>
<p>By 1880, William H. had 245 acres of tilled land, 150 acres of meadow and pasture, and 1,000 acres of wooded land. His livestock was reduced slightly to include seven horses, four mules, seven oxen, 40 sheep, and 35 pigs. Agricultural products were diverse and included eggs, butter, honey, and fruit. For the next 98 years, the heirs of William H. continued to operate various sections of the plantation. In 1978, Dr. William Randolph Watkins, grandson of Maria Sims Garrett, took over ownership of the property. Upon his death in 1997, his son Tucker Carrington Watkins IV occupied the plantation and made various improvements. After Tucker died on 6 October 2012, his nephew John Payne Thrift III decided to auction off the contents of the house and sell the 775 acre property for $2,050,000 in 2014, as no-one in the family had an interest in living there. This marked the first time the house had been on the market since 1768.</p><br>
<p>The Cove is a historic plantation house located near Harrisburg, in Halifax County, Virginia. The main house was built about 1773, and is a -story, vernacular frame dwelling with a gable roof and flanking stone chimneys. Also on the property are the contributing two secondary dwellings, a hay barn, and two log tobacco barns ; and sites including the ruins of four log barns, three chimneys, an ice house, a frame barn, a frame shed, a log house, and what are believed to be at least two slave quarters and an archeological site.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Seaton is a historic house located near South Boston, Halifax County, Virginia. It was built in 1856&ndash;57, and is a -story, gable roofed wood frame dwelling set on a stone and brick foundation in the Gothic Revival style. It was enlarged by a -story addition and kitchen wing in 1887. Also on the property is a contributing carriage shed and shed.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Glennmary is a historic home located near South Boston, Halifax County, Virginia. It was built in 1837–1840, and is a -story, three-bay, side hall plan, gable roofed brick dwelling in the Greek Revival style. It has a -story, one-bay, side wing. The front facade features a one-story pedimented Greek Doric order portico. Also on the property are the contributing slave quarters, a log cabin, a smokehouse, and sheds.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Redfield is a historic home located near Oak Level, Halifax County, Virginia. It was built in 1855&ndash;1857, and is a two-story, four-bay, central hall plan, hipped roofed brick dwelling in the Classical Villa style. The main block is flanked by one-story brick wings. The front facade features a two-story pavilion with a flat-roof portico supported by square brick piers which flank paired Grecian-Doric columns and set on a stone podium.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Midgaard, also known as the Lautner Cottage, is a chalet style log cabin located on Middle Island Point, near Marquette, Michigan. It is significant as the first building that then-12-year-old John Lautner  helped construct. Midgaard was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John E. Lautner Sr. was born in 1865 in Greilickville, Michigan, to parents who had recently immigrated from Austria. Lautner attended the University of Michigan, graduating in 1893 and continuing studies in Europe. In 1903, he accepted a position as a professor of languages and sociology at Northern State Normal School (now Northern Michigan University) in Marquette. In 1907, Lautner married Vida Cathleen Gallagher, the daughter of Irish immigrants and one of his students at Northern. The couple had two children: John Lautner Jr (later an influential architect), born in 1911, and Kathleen Lautner, born in 1915.</p><br>
<p>In 1912, John and Vida Lautner built a wood framed New England saltbox-style house in Marquette, based on a design jointly developed by Vida Launter and New Jersey architect Joy Wheeler Dow. They dubbed the house "Keepsake." In the early 1920s, the Lautners began to be interested in building a summer cottage on Middle Island Point, and in 1921 they bought four shares in the Middle Island Point Campers&#39; Association. Over the next two years, the Lautners planned the construction and decor of the cottage, being heavily influenced by Norwegian folk architecture guides.</p><br>
<p>The Lautners chose a prominent cliff overlooking Lake Superior on which to position their cabin. They began construction in 1923, using spruce logs cut nearby and skidded up the incline. The construction was done primarily by John Lautner and his son, John Lautner, Jr., with occasional help from some of Lautners students. John Jr.s early experience with construction and design of the Midgaard cabin heavily influenced his understanding of craftmanship and later architectural work. Construction stretched over several years, and was completed in 1927.</p><br>
<p>The following year, Vida Lautner wrote articles about Midgaard, which were featured in Progressive Education and Home Building, the chalet was also featured in Marquettes local newspaper. The Lautners continued to own the cottage for many years. John Lautner Sr. died in 1943, after which Vida Lautner moved to Chicago. However, both Vida and John Lautner Jr. visited multiple times, up to her death in 1978 and his in 1994. John Lautner Jr. replaced the roof in 1932, and constructed a terrace on the north side (facing the lake) in 1939. Two balconies originally on the north and south sides were demolished in the 1980s due to structural deterioration and were never replaced. It was John Lautner Sr.s wish that the cabin remain in the family "ad infinitum", and it is still owned by his descendants.</p><br>
<h2>John Lautner Jr.</h2><br>
<p>John Lautner Jr. went on to become an influential architect, and frequently noted that his interest in construction and architecture began with his involvement in the construction of Midgaard. He studied in Frank Lloyd Wrights apprenticeship program at Taliesin from 1933 to 1938, then struck out on his own in southern California. However, his career didnt blossom until after World War II. His work mainly focused on residential architecture, creating distinctly personal designs that took into consideration materials, the site location, and the preferences of his client. The residences also incorporated the surrounding environment into the look and feel of the structure.</p><br>
<p>Many of Lautner&#39;s residences were constructed on the steep hillsides surrounding Los Angeles. Perhaps the best known is "Chemosphere," an octagonal house which the Encyclopædia Britannica once called "the most modern home built in the world." Lautner received the Architectural Record Award for Excellence in 1971 and 1977 and a Cody Award in 1980; he was named Olympic Architect in 1984, and in 1993 received a Gold Medal from the AIA chapter of Los Angeles, CA.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Midgaard is a front-gabled, two-story log cabin with a low pitched roof, situated on a rocky promontory above Lake Superior. The cabin is reached from the main road by a winding, unpaved footpath. A terrace is built against the house on the main (north) facade facing the lake.</p><br>
<p>The cabin is constructed from spruce logs interspersed with chinking sitting on a rubble fieldstone and granite rock foundation. The roof is covered with asphalt shingling, with eaves overhanging the cabin walls below. All windows are triple casement, with the center window hinged.</p><br>
<p>The north and south facades are nearly identical, with a central door on the first floor flanked by windows, and a similar arrangement on the second floor. The second floor overhangs by the width of one log, and there is currently no balcony for the second-story door to access. On the east and west sides, the second floor overhangs by about two feet There are two windows on the west facade, one above each other on the north end. The east facade is similar, with an additional third window on the first floor toward the south.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the cabin is sectioned into two main rooms, with a larger living room and dining area to the north and a smaller kitchen and bathroom to the south. The central section of the cabin is open from the floor to the roof. A corner staircase accesses the second-story balcony, which runs around the perimeter of the cabin. A brick fireplace, designed by John Lautner Sr., is in one corner.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the cabin contains furnishings designed in a Scandinavian peasant style, with colorfully painted chests and antiques.</p><br>
<p>Textiles included curtains block printed by Vida Lautner to simulate Swedish weavings, striped rag rugs, and decorative embroideries on the walls.</p><br>
<p>The Van Buren Historic District encompasses eight blocks of historic buildings along Main Street in Van Buren, Arkansas. Many of the structures are pre-1920 Victorian and Italianate buildings closely related to the history of commerce in the city. Positioned between the city&#39;s train depot and the Arkansas River, the businesses constituting the Van Buren Historic District have played a vital role in the history and economy of the city and region. The district was placed on the National Register of Historic Places as a National Historic District on April 30, 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Properties in the district</h2><br>
<h3>Crawford County Courthouse</h3><br>
<p>The Crawford County Courthouse, originally built in 1842, is the oldest operating courthouse west of the Mississippi River. Following a fire in 1876, the courthouse was rebuilt using the original walls that survived the blaze. Doric columns, a three-story clock tower with bell, cast roof rises and a classic portico constitute the building&#39;s facade. Wings flank the building to the southeast and northwest. A fountain featuring Hebe and 1832 log schoolhouse used by Albert Pike are located on the courthouse grounds, as well as the Confederate soldier monument in front of the structure.</p><br>
<h3>Confederate monument</h3><br>
<p>The Van Buren Confederate Monument was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996 as part of the Civil War Commemorative Sculpture Multiple Property Submission.</p><br>
<h3>Hebe fountain</h3><br>
<p>Originally placed in 1908 by the Womens Village Improvement Society, a gold-painted iron statue of Hebe, the Greek goddess of youth and happiness, has remained on the Crawford County Courthouse lawn ever since. The Womens league of Van Buren raised funds, and the original Hebe was replaced after falling to disrepair. In 2003, a bronze-cast statue was unveiled and the original was placed in the Crawford County Museum. The original steel cap around the fountain was restored and returned to service.</p><br>
<h3>Albert Pike School</h3><br>
<p>One of the oldest buildings in Arkansas, the log schoolhouse on the southwest portion of the courthouse grounds was built circa 1820. It was used by Albert Pike, a schoolteacher from the northeast who moved to western Arkansas in 1833. Pike did not teach at the school long before moving to Little Rock, where he became involved in politics, law, and the Arkansas Gazette. Pike would go on to become a noted poet and writer in addition to serving as a general for the Confederate States of America, most notably serving at the Battle of Pea Ridge. He also served the Freemasons as Sovereign Grand Commander of the Scottish Rite&#39;s Southern Jurisdiction and established lodges throughout the South following the war. Pike later refused an honorary degree from Harvard University, a school he had been accepted to but elected to become a teacher rather than attend.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>Buckshoal Farm is a historic home and tobacco farm located near Omega in Halifax County, Virginia. Typical of early homes in the area, which were expanded in various architectural styles during the previous 150 years, it is best known as the birthplace, favorite retreat and eventual death location of Virginia Governor and later USA Congressman William M. Tuck, who called it by this name , although his father called it "Valley Home". It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987, four years after Tuck&#39;s death.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The earliest log section, two storeys with clapboard siding, was built in the early-19th century, and was acquired by Mark Alexander Wilkinson, Tucks great-grandfather. In 1841 Alexander constructed a two-story pitched roof section in the vernacular Italianate style perpendicular to the older section, which greatly expanded the residence, and included the main staircase used today. Tucks father had also been born on the tobacco farm, and had served in the Virginia General Assembly. After Tuck&#39;s death, his family rented out the property.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house features a porch configured to follows the shape of the ell, although that front section was removed in 1921 and replaced by a front porch with tapering wood posts set on brick piers. It also features a bay at the front of the house. Two outbuildings are also historically significant: a frame shed and a log well house.</p><br>
<p>E. L. Evans House is a historic home located at South Boston, Halifax County, Virginia. It was built in 1892, and is a large two-story, five-bay, balloon-frame High Victorian style dwelling. The front facade features a projecting center gable holding cutaway bays on both the first and second stories, a three-story tower on the northeast corner, and a curved, projecting gabled bay. Also on the property is the contributing brick foundation for the former ice house.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Pleasant Grove is a historic home and farm complex and national historic district located near Halifax, Halifax County, Virginia. The district includes 17 contributing buildings, 2 contributing sites, and 2 contributing structures on three farm complexes. They are the Main House Complex, Owen Tenant House Complex, and Ferrell Tenant House Complex. The main house was built in 1888–1890, and is a two-story Victorian style dwelling. Associated with it are the contributing smokehouse , pump house , watering trough , cow barn , granary , two corncribs , three tobacco barns , and a hog pen . The Owen Tenant House was built about 1900 and associated with it are a workshop , pumphouse , hog pen , and chicken house . The Ferrell Tenant House was built about 1940, and associated with it is a log corncrib . Also on the property are the ruins of the Blackstock Tenant House and a second tenant house ruin.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Mountain Road Historic District is a national historic district in Halifax, Halifax County, Virginia. The district includes 22 contributing buildings located along Mountain Road  and consists of two churches, a parish hall, a masonic hall, and a host of private residences dating to the 19th and early 20th centuries. Notable buildings include the Masonic Lodge , Methodist Church , St. Johns Episcopal Church , Magnolia Hill, Grand Oaks, and St. Johns Rectory. Several of the earlier dwellings and St. John&#39;s Episcopal Church were designed by Dabney Cosby, Jr., son of the Jeffersonian workman, Dabney Cosby, Sr.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Carters Tavern is a historic inn and tavern located at Paces, Halifax County, Virginia. It dates to the late-18th and early-19th century and consists of a two-story, double-pile, side-hall-plan main frame section and an earlier 1 1/2-story frame wing on the west end. Both the main part and the wing are covered by gable roofs with simple box cornices. The building was thoroughly restored in 1972. Carters Tavern remained in operation until 1843.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>South Boston Historic District is a national historic district located at South Boston, Halifax County, Virginia. The district includes 594 contributing buildings and 7 contributing structures in the Village of South Boston. It consists of industrial, commercial, and residential building types dating from the mid-19th century to the present. Notable buildings include the C.H. Friend School, New Brick Warehouse , Planters and Merchants Bank, Halifax Cotton Mill, R.J. Reynolds</p><br>
<p>Tobacco Company tobacco prizery, former Liggett-Meyer Tobacco Company tobacco prizery, the Parkinson Block (1899), First Presbyterian Church (1887), First Baptist Church (c. 1900), and Mt. Olive Baptist Church (c. 1900).</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986, with a boundary increase in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Brooklyn Store and Post Office is a historic country store and post office located at Brooklyn, Halifax County, Virginia. It was built about 1850, and is a two-story, frame building. It features a Greek Revival pedimented front gable with its flush-board tympanum. The store operated in conjunction with the nearby Brooklyn Tobacco Factory, serving the small community of Brooklyn and surrounding farms. The store and post office remained in operation until 1903.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Brooklyn Tobacco Factory, also known as the Hightower & Barksdale Tobacco Factory, is a historic tobacco factory located at Brooklyn, Halifax County, Virginia. It was built about 1855, and is a two-story, brick building with a gable roof. It features brick chimney flues projecting above the metal sheathed roof. Also on the property are two contributing pack houses  and the ruins of a log house . The factory was designed and built by Dabney Cosby, Jr., son of the Jeffersonian workman, Dabney Cosby, Sr. The factory remained in operation until 1881.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The firm of Hightower & Barksdale began manufacturing plug chewing tobacco in 1855. The workforce was originally composed of slaves either belonging to the factory owners or hired from local planters. Hightower & Barksdale closed its operations in 1860, later to be briefly reopened in the early 1880s by Beverly Barksdale III and William Haymes.</p><br>
<p>In 1994 Virginia "Ginger" Gentry acquired the long-abandoned factory and with her husband Mack set about saving the factory from further deterioration. They have carefully preserved the graffiti and stenciling as a record of the factory&#39;s fascinating history.</p><br>
<p>The factory is listed in the Virginia Landmarks Register and in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Town of Halifax Court House Historic District is a national historic district located at Halifax, Halifax County, Virginia. The district includes 172 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, 13 contributing structures, and 1 contributing object  in the Town of Halifax. Resources include government, commercial, residential, religious, educational and industrial buildings that date from the early-19th Century to the mid-20th century. Notable buildings include the Rice House , Edmunds/Lewis Office , People&#39;s Bank , Beth Car Baptist Church , Christ</p><br>
<p>Episcopal Church (c. 1907), Saint Luke&#39;s Christian Methodist Episcopal Church (c. 1907), Dr. Carter House (c. 1900), County Office Building (1915), Town of Halifax Swimming Pool (1930s), Municipal</p><br>
<p>Building/ Fire Station (1950), Halifax Roller Mills (1915), Halifax Planing Mill (c. 1920), Halifax Department Store (1949), and Randolph Theater (c. 1948). Also located in the district is the separately listed Halifax County Courthouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>The Riverside Park Dance Pavilion is in Merrick County, Nebraska. It was built in 1940 with the aim of reviving the Riverside Park area. At its peak, dances were held twice a week drawing people from central Nebraska. Its simple design  was characteristic of dance halls of its time, but which rarely still exist today. It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early 1900s, Central City underwent a building and business boom. In the fall of 1920, business leaders from Central City purchased over 50 acre of land, known as Parkers Island, from the estate of George Howell. They formed a non-profit corporation, the Riverside Park Association. Its purpose was to improve and operate the park for the entertainment of the general public. The Association sold shares of stock, summer cabins, and rented owners cabins during the summer, with profits reinvested in the park.</p><br>
<p>The park included an open-air dance floor consisting of a concrete slab enclosed by a fence, tennis courts, a swimming pool with water slides, playground equipment, softball and baseball diamonds, horseshoe pitching courts and a picnic area. Its first dance was held in October 1921. In the 1920s, there were few recreation areas and few cars to travel to them, so the park was very popular.</p><br>
<p>The Great Depression resulted in decreased park revenues. Records from 1934 to 1938 show uncollected debts and unpaid bills due to a large drop in park visitation and summer cabin rentals from 1930 to 1940.</p><br>
<p>In 1940, the park was close to closing and a number of meetings were held by the association to decide its fate. On February 13, a new board of directors was elected and charged with finding a way to finance the park. On February 15, the board voted to finance the park by constructing an enclosed dance pavilion.</p><br>
<p>On June 14, 1940, the pavilion opened, with 370 couples from five Nebraska counties and seven states purchasing tickets to dance to Sternie Sternberg and his Orchestra. On July 4 of that year, over 5,000 people attended the park and over 700 couples purchased dance tickets at ten cents apiece. Through the 1940s, dances were held about twice a week, with orchestras conducted by Wally Wallace, Earl Gardner, Skippy Anderson, Gene Pieper, Sammy Haven, Riley Smith, and with bands led by Tiny Little, Hutch Miller and John Holub.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The dance pavilion is located in Riverside Park in Merrick County, Nebraska, approximately 3 mi southeast of Central City. It is in a pastoral area with trees next to the Platte River. Just to its north is a smaller restroom/concession building, built at or about the same time as the pavilion. The complex is bounded on the south by the Platte River, on the east by trees and shrubbery, and on the north and west by a gravel road.</p><br>
<p>The pavilion is a one-story wood-frame building with a footprint of 118 x. It has an arched roof with a 12 x bay on the north side to accommodate bands and orchestras. The interior of the pavilion is open with a 95 x maple wood dance floor. An open 18 x seating and eating area is located on the south and separated from the main pavilion by a partial wall. On the north end is a 20 x curved enclosure in which bands and orchestras perform.</p><br>
<h2>Historic significance</h2><br>
<p>In 1998, the pavilion was listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Reasons given for its listing included its significance as an entertainment venue in the 1940s, and its being a well-preserved example of a dance hall of its period.</p><br>
<p>The Harmon School, at Kirn Rd. and Harmon Rd. near Fallon, Nevada, is a historic building that is listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places. The listing included three contributing buildings on 10 acre. It has served as a school, as a meeting hall, and as a music facility.</p><br>
<p>According to its NRHP nomination in 1988, the school was deemed significant then as "the only intact, early twentieth century, rural school complex to be documented in the state", and as one of only two surviving rural schools in Churchill County.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Harmon School is a 10-acre rural which is positioned in the center of the Harmon District of Churchill County, Nevada. The plot is situated about six miles from the town of Fallon and is bounded to the south by using and to the east by means of North Harmon Road. The place is dominated with the aid of single-own family farms ranging in length from eighty to 180 acres. The nominated area carries a considerable one-story masonry school house; a modest, sole story frame teacherage and a lone story pump residence. All 3 structures are traditionally and functionally associated and are taken into consideration contributing assets.</p><br>
<p>The Harmon School building is a coursed concrete block structure which was built in 1915 to serve rural Nevada’s Harmon District. The balanced, 5-bay building is supported through a raised, concrete foundation and ends in a cross gable roof with projecting eaves and open rafters. 2 internal brick chimneys with straight stacks and corbelled caps punctuate the main roof plane. The building is exposed to the south and takes up a "T" plan fashioned by a center hall, flanking classrooms and a rear auditorium. A halfway basement is found underneath the auditorium and it also has a kitchen. In 1935, the area of the back auditorium was expanded by a 2-bay frame and stucco addition.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Harmon School is appreciable on the regional stage for its affiliation with the development of public schooling in Nevada. Besides, it is known as an instance of an early 20th century rural school edifice. Built between 1915 and 1916, the School performed as the Harmon District’s Elementary School from its construction till county school consolidation in 1956. The Biennial Report of the Superintendent Public Instruction for 1915-16 marked the Harmon School as one of the greatest rural schools. It was also known for its use as a noted community and social center. From early 20th century’s schools of the state, the Harmon School is the sole intact rural school compound to be documented. It is also one in all two rural schools to live on in Churchill County.</p><br>
<p>The Fallon City Hall, at 55 E. Williams Ave. in Fallon, Nevada, was built between 1930 and 1931. It was designed by architect Frederick DeLongchamps in Mission/Spanish Revival style. It is a 14,000 square foot one-story building built over a high basement.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. It was deemed significant for its association with local politics and government, and "as a rare</p><br>
<p>example of the Spanish Colonial Revival style in Fallon and as a work of a master, pre-eminent</p><br>
<p>architect Frederick DeLongchamps." At the time of its NRHP listing it had continuously served as city hall since 1931.</p><br>
<p>The Bishop National Bank of Hawaii was a bank in Hawaii. Its branch building on Hawaii Route 50 in Waimea, Kauai, Hawaii, was built in 1929. That branch building has also been known as First Hawaiian Bank, as Bishop National Bank, Waimea Branch, and as Bishop First National Bank, Waimea Branch. The building includes Classical Revival architecture and was a work of architect John Mason and of J.L. Young Engineering Co. The building was listed on the Hawaiʻi Register of Historic Places in 1977 and on the National Register of Historic Places  in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The building replaced a 1911 building that had been the second Bishop National Bank branch, after the first built in Hilo. According to its NRHP nomination, the building "is important mainly for its architectural value. Its eclectic style and solid, imposing appearance is typical of post-World War I banking architecture. It is designed to give an aura of permanence and stability--a visual assurance to Waimeas inhabitants that the bank was here to stay.&#39;"</p><br>
<p>The building is now a First Hawaiian Bank branch.</p><br>
<p>Bay View Hospital was a hospital located on 23200 Lake Rd in Bay Village, Ohio. The site was originally home to the Washington Lawrence mansion in the late 1800s until 1948 when it was sold to Dr. Richard Sheppard. It served as an osteopathic medical center from 1948 until it closed its doors on March 1, 1981. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 27, 1974.</p><br>
<p>The former Washington Lawrence mansion (Bay View Hospital) is now part of Cashelmara Luxury Condos. Beginning in the early 1980s, construction began on condos as well as remodeling of the mansion to use as condos.</p><br>
<p>The Osteopathic Hospital was opened in 1948 by the Sheppard family; the hospital made headlines in 1954 when Dr. Sam Sheppard was accused of killing his pregnant wife.</p><br>
<p>The Brumback Library is a historic public library in the city of Van Wert, Ohio, United States. Opened at the beginning of the twentieth century in order to serve all residents of Van Wert County, it occupies an architecturally prominent building by David L. Stine, which was constructed with funds donated by a local businessman. The building has been named a historic site, partly because of its place as the first public library in the United States to serve an entire county.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Having decided that a public library would greatly benefit their community, a group of Van Wert ladies incorporated the Van Wert Library Association in 1890. In order to finance their project, the ladies sought subscriptions at $3 per person throughout the city and sponsored public entertainment events to raise additional money. By the end of 1890, the ladies had purchased 600 books, chosen a librarian, and rented a room in which to keep the library; its use was originally limited to the subscribers. Their efforts became recognized throughout the community, and in 1896 the city council enacted a 0.03% property tax for the library, raising approximately $575 per annum. Although the funds were sufficient to maintain the collection, the amount of work necessary to expand the library was prohibitive, the library experienced very little growth, and the founders soon realized that the library might not long survive once they were unable to continue supporting it. At this point came deliverance from an unexpected quarter.</p><br>
<p>Born in Licking County in 1829, John Sanford Brumback settled in Van Wert in 1862 and eventually became one of the citys leading businessmen. As his health was failing in the late nineteenth century, Brumback decided to engage in philanthropy, and following his death in December 1897, his bequest of a large sum to the library was announced. Furthermore, his other heirs agreed to spend additional money on the construction of a building for the library, even though such an action was not required by the will. The most curious provision in the will was the concept of establishing a county library — no one had previously entertained such an idea, which was generally believed impossible when it was first announced, but discussion in the countys Granges produced virtually unanimous support among the countys farmers, and the mass desire for such a library prompted the state legislature to pass the necessary enabling legislation in the following April. Ownership of the library collection was transferred by a contract among the county commissioners, the Van Wert Library Association, and Brumbacks heirs: the library ladies were to give their books, the heirs were to arrange for the construction of a library building in a Van Wert city park, and the county was to enact a permanent property tax for the library&#39;s continued support. The cornerstone was laid on July 18, 1899; construction occupied the entirety of 1900. Financial support from the Brumback estate surpassed $50,000.</p><br>
<p>The Brumback library dedication ceremony took place on January 1, 1901, at the First Methodist Episcopal Church. The ceremony included a musical solo rendered by the baritone Charles W. Clark (who few years later would be known as one of the greatest baritone singers of all time). The library was officially opened to the public twenty-eight days later.</p><br>
<p>The first librarian engaged in extensive collection development, as the first six years saw the collection expanded from approximately 5,000 titles to 10,698. In order to further the goal of making Brumback a county library system, branches were placed in sixteen different locations throughout Van Wert County, and annual circulation reached fifty thousand volumes by the system&#39;s sixth year.</p><br>
<p>As the years passed, branches were closed; by 1968, locations outside of Van Wert had been restricted to nine pickup stations, although bookmobile service had been created to assist county schools. Seven years earlier, the original buildings capacity had become strained as the collection reached sixty-two thousand books. In response, the library purchased the original Brumback family home; eighteen thousand titles were moved there, as well as facilities for serving parts of the county outside Van Wert. Further expansion was needed by the 1990s, so an addition was constructed and the original interior renovated in 1991; this is the only substantial renovation in the librarys history, aside from a 1917 project to place a children&#39;s section in the basement. Additional branches have been reopened in the villages of Convoy, Middle Point, Ohio City, Willshire, and Wren.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The original Brumback Library building is constructed largely of sandstone, with a sandstone foundation, bluestone walls, and a multicolored tile roof. Among its most prominent components are a round corbeled tower with battlements, a smaller square tower, and a prominent main entryway; when one views the library from the street, the round tower is to the right, the square tower to the left, and the entrance in the middle. A small flight of steps leads to the entrance, which is placed in a dominating central gable wider than either tower. Small second-story arched windows pierce the gable and the towers, while larger rectangular windows are located on the first floor. Together, these components present a somewhat eclectic appearance: architect David L. Stine employed both the Gothic Revival and Romanesque Revival styles, although the components combine to project somewhat of a Richardsonian Romanesque appearance.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>In early 1979, the Brumback Library was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its architecture and because of its place in the area&#39;s history. Critical to its importance was its place as the core of the county library system: the Brumback was the first county library to be established anywhere in the United States. It was the second Van Wert County location to be added to the Register; only the county courthouse preceded it.</p><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church in Hanover Courthouse, Virginia, United States. It was built in 1895, and is a one-story, frame building in the Late Gothic Revival style. It has a brick foundation and weatherboard siding with symmetrically placed lancet windows. The front facade features a protruding bell tower in the center with two flanking lancet windows. The church is connected at the northeast corner to an addition used for offices and classrooms, that was built in the 1930s. Another addition was built in the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Fork Church is a historic Episcopal church located near Ashland, Hanover County, Virginia. It was built in 1736, and is a one-story, gable roofed brick building. It measures approximately 34 feet by 74 feet and has walls 22 inches thick. The front facade features a small</p><br>
<p>pedimented porch supported on square brick columns, both probably added in the early-19th century. Also on the property is a contributing church cemetery. Among the more-notable persons who often attended services at Fork Church were Patrick Henry, Dolley Madison, and the novelist Thomas Nelson Page. From 1893 to 1903, Fork Church&#39;s rector was the Reverend S. S. Hepburn, grandfather of actress Katharine Hepburn.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<p>Slash Church, also known as the Upper Church-St. Paul&#39;s Parish is a historic Disciples of Christ Church, formerly an Anglican/Episcopal church located at 11353 Mt. Hermon Road, Ashland, Hanover County, Virginia. Built of southern yellow pine cut from the property in 1729–30, it is the oldest frame house of worship still in use in Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Slash Church was built under the direction of Edward Chambers and Thomas Pinchbeck in 1729, five years after the absentee minister (who remained in England but hired a curate to serve Hanover County, Virginia boundaries declared 1720), informed the bishop of London that the parish was 60 miles long and twelve wide and served 1200 families by means of four churches (the priest alternating between them on the various Sundays of the month). St. Martins Parish was also set off from St. Pauls parish in 1727. The predecessor building (sometimes known as the "Mechumps Creek Chapel"), built circa 1702, was about a mile and a half north of this structure. Current research indicates it was located behind the current Hanover Tavern across the tracks and up a hill where there is a good source of water (pond). No structure currently exists of this chapel. The Slash name derives from the "slashes" – ravines that formed in the sandy clay soil after rainstorms plus the Pine Slash trees. This terrain has a high ground water level so it was important to place this structure on a hill.</p><br>
<p>Rev. George Whitfield, founding Methodist Francis Asbury, Virginia Baptist Reuben Ford and Disciples of Christ founder Alexander Campbell are believed to have preached at the church during their various missionary tours.</p><br>
<p>Rev. Henry&#39;s successor, Rev. Talley, became a Universalist and after the American Revolutionary War, the Anglican church was disestablished (i.e. no longer supported by taxes) and the building variously abandoned or used by various denominations, including Methodists and Disciples of Christ, and as a school. The latter denomination purchased the property in 1842, two years after the Episcopal congregation built a brick church about four miles away which burned on a December evening and then constructed another church of wood in the 1850s revival style which continues in their use for weekly services to the present day.</p><br>
<p>During the American Civil War, on May 26–27, 1862, Confederate Brigadier General Lawrence O&#39;Bryan Branch (a former USA Representative from North Carolina who would die six months later at the Battle of Antietam) used it as his headquarters with 4500 soldiers (and later as a hospital, together with three local homes). Two battles sometimes collectively called the "Battle of Slash Church" were Union victories, although the Peninsular Campaign failed. When old trees were cut down in the 1950s, bullets were found, believed to be from those battles.</p><br>
<p>Slash celebrates its history with an event on the grounds every five years. Most recently, the church celebrated its 285th anniversary on September 14, 2014. The public is invited to attend services and events and schedule historic tours.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The one-story, steep gable roofed, white clapboarded frame building measures approximately 60 feet, 6 inches, by 26 feet, 6 inches. It was built from timber felled on the property – Southern Yellow pine usually 120 feet tall – and fastened mostly with wooden pegs. The exterior pine clapboards on three sides are original. Some of the original wood clapboards on the north side were replaced in a Jan. 1970 exterior boiler fire and the wainscoting (interior) on that same side was partly replaced, leaving the wainscoting on the other side intact. This is a special feature of this building since it runs horizontal in wide boards instead of vertical. Original wavy glass remains in several original wood framed windows which have exterior storm (1950s) windows. The gallery at the back of the sanctuary is original as are the pillars holding it in place and the railings plus the stairs. Construction of this feature can be viewed under the stairs by a door on the first floor. Plus are two original slat constructed benches. Other old furniture dates to the 1850s: a heavy solid dark stained pulpit, an oval table used for communion, two tall backed padded seat chairs, and various styles of wooden bench seats. The 1970s fire produced so much smoke in the floor area the fire crew cut away the floor only to discover an additional floor (the 2nd floor was added by the builders because the 1st floor was too low.) The fire crew also removed the 1st floor and as it was bitterly cold (water froze from the fire hoses) this wood was used as a bonfire until members rescued it to help defray restoration costs by making furniture and small items for sale. Some of these items are available to see in the history room at the church. When the fire crew took away both floors, they discovered four graves of unknown people (still unknown today). The 2nd floor had blood on it from the 1862 occupation of Gen. Branch as bleeding men lay while being treated for the civil war battle. Additional structures: a Sunday School building with a bathroom was built to resemble the church and connected by a passageway from an exterior door already in place. This was important because it did not affect the historic designation as it did not alter the church building. In the 1970s, a fellowship hall and more Sunday school space was erected across the parking lot of brick to serve the congregations needs. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>In 1998, a historical highway marker – E105 – was located at the corner of and intersection that has 4 names: Peakes, Ashcake, Sliding Hill and Mt. Hermon Rd., the latter being the address of the church (11353 Mt. Hermon Rd.).</p><br>
<p>Beaverdam Depot is a historic railway depot located at Beaverdam, Hanover County, Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad built a station at Beaverdam on its Louisa line at some time between 1836 and 1840. The railroads president, Edward Fontaine, lived nearby. The 36 mile Louisa branch connected Louisa with Hanover Junction. Louisa County farmers could thus ship their produce to the port at Aquia on the Potomac River as well as to Richmond, Virginia. During the 1840s, the Commonwealth of Virginia helped finance extension of this branch westward over the Blue Ridge Mountains to Covington in Allegheny County. In 1850 the railroad lines name was changed the Virginia Central Railroad.</p><br>
<p>The station and railroad proved strategic during the American Civil War, both for troop movement and for transport and storage of military supplies. The wood frame depot changed hands and was destroyed at least three times. On July 20, 1862, John Mosby was captured by Union cavalry under Brigadier General Rufus King while waiting for a train. Later versions of the incident disagree as to whether Mosby was trying to convey information to his commander, General Stonewall Jackson in Richmond, or taking brief leave toward his parents home in Lynchburg, Virginia, but all agree that Mosby was soon released as part of the wars first prisoner exchange, as well as that the Union raiders burnt the depot to destroy supplies, as well as cut the strategic telegraph line.</p><br>
<p>By the wars end only 5 miles of Virginia Central tracks remained usable. The Beaverdam station and associated warehouse were among the railroads first five rebuilt structures; the current station was completed in 1866. The Virginia Central Railroad continued expanding and by the 1880s became part of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway system. The segregated waiting room was constructed around 1910, after the USA Supreme Courts decision in Chiles v. Chesapeake & Ohio Railway, since Virginias legislature required segregation of white and "colored" passengers after the Plessy v. Ferguson decision in 1896 allowed "separate but equal" facilities.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The single-story, rectangular, gable roofed brick building features decorative brickwork, including corbelling and pilasters. The front facade includes a small pedimented porch supported by turned wood columns. The interior is divided into two waiting rooms (one for whites and one for blacks), an office, a baggage room and a freight room—all remarkably intact.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Dewberry is a historic home and approximately 480 acre farm located at Beaverdam in western Hanover County, Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1833 for the Rev. John Cooke, first rector of the now-historic Trinity Church nearby (Rev. Cooke laying the cornerstone in 1830). In 1831, Rev. Cooke married the widowed Elizabeth Edmonia Churchill Berkeley, who had inherited about 227 acres from her late husband. Rev. Cooke was an avid gardener, and some of the boxwoods in the formal garden date from his era. His widow purchased the property from his estate when he died in 1861, and bequeathed it to her daughters, one of whom owned it until nearly 1906. However, the property had several different owners in the early 20th century, before its purchase by Samuel Dixon in 1920, who restored and modified the existing structures, as well as constructed a dairy and made provision for electricity. His descendants still lived on the property in 1996 when it was listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The brick dwelling has a five-part Palladian-design. The two-story, three-bay, hip-roofed, central block connects to two-story flanking wings by one-story, one-bay hyphens. The property also contains contributing formal gardens, a small brick outbuilding, and slave quarters.</p><br>
<p>Springfield is a historic home located at Coatesville, Hanover County, Virginia. It was built about 1820, and is a two-story, Federal-style brick residence with a central passage-single pile plan. It measures 48 feet by 20 feet, and is situated on an English basement with two interior end chimneys, a gable roof, and a frame gable-roofed porch. Also on the property are contributing kitchen and meat house.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Church Quarter is a historic home located at Doswell, Hanover County, Virginia. It was built in 1843, and is a one-story, three-bay, gable-roof, log dwelling. It has exposed logs with V-notching and two exterior end chimneys. Also on the property are contributing two late-19th / early-20th century</p><br>
<p>outbuildings and the ruins of a brick orangery, known locally as the flower house.</p><br>
<p>The Scotchtown Chapter of the National Society Daughters of the American Revolution purchased Church Quarter in 1969 and has worked to restore the cabin and maintain it as a meeting house for the chapter. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Sharp&#39;s Oakland is a historic home located at Doswell, Hanover County, Virginia. It was built about 1890, and is a three-story, I-house frame dwelling in the Second Empire style. It features a high mansard roof still covered with patterned wooden shingles and a simple porch with Eastlake posts. Also on the property is a contributing slave quarter with a massive chimney.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Tybo Charcoal Kilns are a pair of charcoal kilns located 4 mi north of Tybo, Nevada. Both kilns are 30 ft tall and 25 ft in diameter and were built from rocks and mud. The kilns each have three openings: a top opening, a door at ground level, and a rear window with a ramp for wood wagons. The kilns were among 15 built in 1874 for the Tybo Consolidated Company. The company, which mined the region&#39;s silver, used charcoal to fuel its smelting furnace. To acquire its fuel, it imported wood from nearby hills, which it then converted to charcoal in the kilns.</p><br>
<p>The kilns were built during a mining boom in the area around Tybo. Though the community had only been settled in 1870, by the end of the decade it had a post office, school, newspaper, and almost 1000 residents.</p><br>
<p>The kilns were added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 19, 1974.</p><br>
<p>Pine Slash, also known as Prospect Hill, is a historic home located at Studley, Hanover County, Virginia. The main house was built about 1750, and is a one-story dwelling of colonial vertical plank construction with a metal gable roof. In addition to the main house, the property includes a contributing second residence and a brick outbuilding, both dating from the early 19th century. Pine Slash is also significant as American Founding Father Patrick Henry&#39;s home in the 1750s.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Williamsville is a historic home located at Studley, Hanover County, Virginia. The main house was built between 1794 and 1803, and is a two-story, five-bay, brick I-house in the Federal style. It has a rear ell. The house features a one-story wood porch surmounted by a balustrade and sophisticated trim, including the fully developed modillioned cornice and the elaborate Adamesque mantels.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Heber Hord House is a two-story frame house in Central City, Nebraska. It was designed by Omaha architects Fisher & Lawrie, and built in 1906 by Heber Hord, the only son of Thomas Benton  Hord, a prominent business man and cattle rancher in Nebraska during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Hord family</h2><br>
<p>T. B. Hord moved with his family from Cheyenne, Wyoming to Central City in the late 1880s. There, he established the Hord Land and Cattle Company, the Hord and Shonsey Cattle Company, the T. B. Hord Alfalfa Meal Company, the 70,000 acre Lakeside Ranch, a number of lumber yards and feed and farm supply businesses in central Nebraska, and fifty grain elevators. At the height of his business career, his Central City livestock-feeding operations and grain company were judged by many to be the largest such operations in Nebraska. For example, in 1908, his livestock feeding company could feed 16,000 cattle and 12,000 hogs, making it possibly the largest such operation in the world at that time.</p><br>
<p>Heber Hord, the only son of T. B. Hord, was born in 1877. He lived on his father&#39;s ranches until 1906, when he and his family built and moved into this house in Central City.</p><br>
<p>In 1910, T. B. Hord died and Heber Hord took over the family businesses. He expanded the operations established by his father, at one point feeding up to 97,000 sheep; in 1917, he established a short-lived potash operation, the Hord Alkali Products Company, near Lakeside, Nebraska, after the outbreak of World War I made German potash unavailable. During the Great Depression, several of the familys businesses failed; but Hord was able to save three of its major operations: the Lakeside Ranch Company, the T. B. Hord Grain Company, and the feeding operation Hord and Son, Inc. For 25 years, he also served on the board of directors for Omahas Union Stockyards.</p><br>
<p>Heber Hord lived in the Central City house until his death in 1949. The house was then occupied by his son Thomas Barge Hord, who had managed the family&#39;s Lakeside Ranch since 1931, and who took over the management of the family businesses. The T. B. Hord Grain company showed steadily declining profits from 1950 to 1957, and was liquidated, ending in 1963. Earnings for the Lakeside Ranch and for Hord and Son also declined significantly in the 1960s, and were liquidated in the early 1970s. The sale of the ranch in 1972 marked the end of Hord business operations.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house is a two-story classic box house designed by Omaha architects Fisher & Lawrie. It underwent a remodelling in 1923, directed by Omaha architect F. A. Henninger.</p><br>
<p>The frame building faces south. It has a footprint of 56 xx. It has a raised concrete block basement, a hip roof with four hipped dormers, and brick chimneys on the north and east sides. Originally, a porch ran across the entire width of the south side on the first floor, continuing as a carriage portico at the southwest corner; in the 1923 remodelling, the east end of the porch was enclosed to create a sun room.</p><br>
<p>The interior features a central hall with an open stairway to the second floor. On the first floor, a reception room and sitting room are in the front of the house; to the rear are a den and a formal dining room, which leads to a china pantry and the kitchen. Also on the first floor are a kitchen pantry, a refrigeration area, and the servants dining room. A bathroom was added below the central stair in the course of the 1923 remodelling. The second floor is taken up with four bedrooms, a sleeping porch, and two bathrooms. Servants quarters, consisting of a single large room with several closets, occupied the whole of the attic. There are eight basement rooms, including a coal room, laundry room, vegetable cellar, and bathroom.</p><br>
<p>A frame carriage house at the rear of the property has been converted to a five-stall garage with a one-bedroom apartment above it.</p><br>
<p>As of 1987, the house and carriage house were assessed as having retained their historic integrity. It was decided that the 1923 remodelling had not significantly changed the character of the 1923 house; many of the original interior furnishing were still present, including hardwood floors, fireplaces, woodwork, and lighting fixtures. Because of this and because of the property&#39;s connection to the Hord family, it was listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Manhattan School is a historic schoolhouse located on Gold Street in Manhattan, Nevada. Built in 1913, the school was the third in Manhattan. The first school had opened in 1906, shortly after a gold rush in the community, and the second opened in 1908; however, by 1911 the local school district had 65 students and had outgrown its original buildings. Manhattan&#39;s voters unanimously passed a bond proposal for the new school the following year. Area contractor Angus McDonald built the school the year after. Upon its completion, a benefit party was held at the school to provide money for its furniture and a piano.</p><br>
<p>The single-story building has a vernacular design with a central entrance foyer, a hipped roof, a bell tower atop the foyer, and a flagstaff on the site of the roof. When the building was constructed, both the interior and exterior were covered by patterned metal plates. The plates were decorated based on their location; for instance, the plates on the outer walls were designed to resemble ashlar stone, and the plates on the roof resembled shingles. While most of the exterior plates have since been covered, the interior plates and the plates on the foyer&#39;s gable are still in place.</p><br>
<p>The Works Progress Administration added an outhouse added outside of the school in the 1930s. While the WPA built 1,100 outhouses in Nevada, the outhouse is one of only three they built in southern Nevada. The outhouse is considered a contributing feature to the school&#39;s historic nature.</p><br>
<p>Manhattan&#39;s population dropped as its gold industry faded in the 1940s, and by 1955 the school closed, as it only had three students. Due to an increase in gold prices in the 1970s, though, Manhattan began to grow again. The school reopened as a library in the following decade. The Smoky Valley Library District acquired the library from the county in 2002 and subsequently renovated it to include a museum and community center.</p><br>
<p>The school was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 30, 2004.</p><br>
<p>The Yell County Courthouse is a courthouse in Dardanelle, Arkansas, United States, one of two county seats of Yell County, built in 1914. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. The courthouse is the second building to serve the Dardanelle district of Yell County.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Yell County was founded from portions of Scott and Pope counties in 1840. A courthouse was established at Monrovia, but was soon relocated to Danville to be more centrally located. Following the Civil War in 1875, Dardanelle was made a second county seat. Arkansas has ten counties with dual county seats. A commercial building on Front Street between Green and Oak Streets in Dardanelle was made into the districts first courthouse in 1875, and a jail was built close by. The courthouse burned on April 12, 1912, leading the county to buy a new plot of land on Union Street. Yell County contracted architect Frank W. Gibb, who in his lifetime designed 60 courthouses in Arkansas as well as the Arkansas Building at the St. Louis Worlds Fair and the Buckstaff Bathhouse in Hot Springs, Arkansas. Contractor L.R. Wight and Company of Dallas, Texas built the structure for under $25,000 (equivalent to $ today).</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Similar to the Dallas County Courthouse in Fordyce built by Gibb in 1911, the building features typical details of the neoclassical style. The symmetric facade with doric columns and white trim all fit with the style. An octagonal roof ornament tops the T-shaped building.</p><br>
<h2>Confederate monument</h2><br>
<p>The Dardanelle Confederate Monument on Union Street was erected by the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) in 1921, and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996 as part of the Civil War Commemorative Sculpture Multiple Property Submission.</p><br>
<p>Clover Lea is a historic home located near Mechanicsville, Hanover County, Virginia. It was built in 1845–1846, and is a two-story, three-bay, side-hall-plan brick dwelling in the Greek Revival style. The house features a two-story, Tuscan order-inspired portico which consists of six massive square wooden columns supported by brick piers. Also on the property is a contributing small carriage barn.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Oakland is a historic home located near Montpelier, Hanover County, Virginia. It was built in 1898–1846, and is a -story, three-bay, frame farmhouse, with a -story, three-bay by five bay, rambling wing. It was built on the foundations of a house built in 1812 that was destroyed by fire. Also on the property are a contributing smokehouse and office. Oakland was the home and birthplace of the Virginia novelist, Thomas Nelson Page.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Sycamore Tavern, also known as Shelburn&#39;s Tavern and Florence L. Page Memorial Library, is a historic inn and tavern located near Montpelier, Hanover County, Virginia. It was built before 1804, and is a 1 1/2-story, three bay by two bay, frame structure, with a rear shed extension. It is sheathed in weatherboard and has two exterior brick chimneys. An ordinary occupied the building through the 19th century. During the first quarter of the 20th century, Thomas Nelson Page, the noted Virginia author, founded a library in the structure in memory of his wife, Florence Lathrop Field Page.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It is located in the Montpelier Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Laurel Meadow is a historic home located near Mechanicsville, Hanover County, Virginia. It was built about 1820, and is a -story, hall-parlor-plan house in the Federal style. The house sits on a brick foundation, has a gable roof with dormers, and exterior end chimneys. Also on the property are a contributing one-room schoolhouse and a barn.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Oak Forest is a historic home located near Mechanicsville, Hanover County, Virginia. It was built about 1828, and is a two-story, five-bay, frame I-house dwelling in the Federal style. The house sits on a brick foundation, has a standing seam metal gable roof, and exterior end chimneys. Also on the property is a contributing smokehouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Oakley Hill is a historic plantation house located near Mechanicsville, Hanover County, Virginia. It was built about 1839 and expanded in the 1850s. It is a two-story, frame I-house dwelling in the Greek Revival style. On the rear of the house is a 1910 one-story ell. The house sits on a brick foundation, has a standing seam metal low gable roof, and interior end chimneys. The front facade features a one-story front porch with four Tuscan order columns and a Tuscan entablature. Also on the property are a contributing smokehouse and servants&#39; house.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Selwyn is a historic home located near Mechanicsville, Hanover County, Virginia. It was built about 1820 and expanded in the 1850s. It is a large -story, five-bay, frame I-house dwelling in a combination of the Federal and Greek Revival styles. The house sits on a brick foundation, has a gable roof with dormers, and exterior end chimneys. Also on the property is a contributing frame dairy.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Spring Green is an historic home located near Mechanicsville, Hanover County, Virginia. It was built about 1800 and encompasses an earlier dwelling dated to about 1764. It is a -story, five-bay, center hall, single pile frame dwelling in the Federal style. The oldest section includes the hall, east parlor with the old kitchen. The house sits on a brick foundation, has a gable roof with dormers, and exterior end chimneys. Also on the property is a contributing smokehouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Wreckage is a log house in Ocean Park, Washington, constructed of unhewn logs in 1912. The house was built by author Guy S. Allison on the Long Beach Peninsula as a beach house, using salvaged materials. Recovering driftwood from the Pacific Ocean, Allison also made what he called a "zoo" of driftwood animal shapes surrounding the house that appear on USA Geological Survey maps as "Wreckage Park Zoo." The collection was featured in Ripley&#39;s Believe It or Not! and Strange as it Seems.</p><br>
<h2>Guy S. Allison</h2><br>
<p>Guy Selwin Allison was born near Hannibal, Missouri, on December 24, 1883. He arrived in Washington in 1906, attended the Washington State Normal School in Bellingham, and became a teacher and principal in Tacoma in 1907–1909. In 1911, he married his wife, Virginia, honeymooning on property in Ocean Park that he had purchased the same year. He left teaching, for health reasons, to work in the outdoors, and began writing his Bypaths of History syndicated column for western United States newspapers in the 1930s.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Wreckage is a log cabin, largely built of found and salvaged materials. The location on the Pacific coast near the mouth of the Columbia River provided considerable opportunity for salvage from wrecked timber-carrying ships. The primary log structure came from a large raft of logs that broke up on the Columbia River bar in the winter of 1911, with logs spreading from Tillamook Head in Oregon to Leadbetter Point in Washington. The houses tongue-and-groove lumber was thrown overboard from the steamer Washington the same winter as it narrowly avoided being wrecked inside the Columbias mouth. Cement for the foundation was obtained from the wrecked French barque Alice. Allison recovered the materials from the beach and planned a blockhouse-like cabin based on cabins he had seen in Sitka, Alaska, using simple hand tools to build the house.</p><br>
<p>The house is a -story structure, built in 1912, using 30 ft logs on the front and rear, and 24 ft logs on the sides. It rests on a concrete block foundation. The overhanging roof has gables at the ends and shed dormers in each of the long sides, extending out over the eaves to the edge of the roof. Window and door openings were sawn out of the solid log structure, with wood surrounds embellished with fishing net floats. A brick chimney stands at one end and another chimney is near the center of the house.</p><br>
<p>The Wreckage was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 18, 1979. The driftwood zoo gradually disappeared over the years, as did several outbuildings, including a garage that Allison called "The Wreckagette."</p><br>
<p>Author Walter A. Tompkins set his novel CQ Ghost Ship at The Wreckage.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. Hun Houses were located on Washington Avenue  on the western edge of central Albany, New York, United States. They were a pair of brick buildings constructed a century apart, the older one around 1830, in the Federal style. In 1972, three months after they were listed on the National Register of Historic Places, they were demolished and subsequently delisted.</p><br>
<p>The older house was considered one of the finest Federal homes in the city. Its architect is unknown, although it has been speculated to be Philip Hooker. It was likely built for John F. Bacon, a lawyer and clerk of the State Senate, who may only have lived there for a year and eventually sold it to another lawyer. Near the end of the 19th century it was acquired by Dr. Henry Hun, who adapted the house for his practice and built a smaller, architecturally sympathetic house toward the rear of the property as a residence.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>The two houses were on the same lot on the north side of Washington between Dove and Lark (USA Route 9W) streets in a densely developed urban neighborhood two blocks west of the state capitol, a National Historic Landmark. It is at the point where the large office and state government buildings that characterize the city&#39;s central development begin to yield to smaller residential and mixed-use buildings. The terrain is level, still rising gently towards the west from the Hudson River a mile (1.6 km) to the east, but less steeply than it does downtown.</p><br>
<p>There are several other Register-listed properties in the area. The Washington Avenue Armory is to the west. On the east end is the University Club of Albany, designed by Albert Fuller. The Albany Institute of History & Art, with a Marcus T. Reynolds-designed building, is across Dove from the University Club. Across the street is the Italianate Walter Merchant House, with Fuller&#39;s Harmanus Bleecker Library on the corner with Dove. Beyond them a block to the south is the large, primarily residential Center Square/Hudson–Park Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Large buildings like those mentioned dominate the block, as they did when the houses stood. To the north, across Elk Street, is a large parking lot; beyond it is Spruce Street and the ground&#39;s drop into the Sheridan Hollow neighborhood. West of Lark the buildings similarly drop in size.</p><br>
<p>The two houses were located near the front of the lot. The larger house, 149 Washington, had the same setback as the other buildings on the street, while the smaller, 149 Washington, was a little further back. In the rear was a lawn; a flagstone-paved parking area and garage gave egress to the Elk Street side of the property.</p><br>
<p>149 Washington was two and a half stories on the south (front) elevation and three and a half in the north, with an exposed basement. On both elevations it was five bays wide. It was built of brick laid in Flemish bond with wooden trim. The roof was flat in front and sloped in the rear. Inside end chimneys rose from the east and west.</p><br>
<p>The house&#39;s centrally located main entrance was sheltered by an elaborate wooden porch. Wooden steps with a railing rose from the street to a pair of round fluted Ionic columns on pedestals. They were echoed by similarly-treated pilasters framing the doorway. Above them was a plain wooden entablature beneath a second-story balcony with balustrade.</p><br>
<p>Windows throughout the house were two-over-two double-hung sash with plain sandstone sills and lintels. The balcony window was flanked with wooden inset louvered shutters. Above the third floor windows was a decorative brick frieze and cornice, with another balustrade along the roofline. The north elevation featured a two-story porch which extended to the east side of the house. Three dormer windows pierced the south roof.</p><br>
<p>The doorway had an elliptical arch topped with a sunburst pediment. It opened into an interior with much of its original finishing remaining at the time of demolition. They included ornate woodwork, parquet floors, marble and wood mantels, and the light fixtures. Hun&#39;s office, in the southwest corner of the first floor, had a brass plaque with his name on the door. Inside were bookcases running the length of the walls, and prints of Albany street scenes set in the woodwork above the mantelpiece aside a Latin quotation.</p><br>
<p>The house at 149½ Washington is similar in overall design. It is a two-and-a-half-story building, three bays wide, of pressed brick, also in Flemish bond, with marble trim. On top is a roof similarly divided between a sloped front pierced by dormers and a flat rear. All windows were six-over-six double-hung sash with brick lintels and stone sills. Its front door also had an elliptical arch atop, but was trimmed in marble and topped with a triangular pediment. At the roofline was a dentilled stone cornice; a single chimney rose from the west profile. While it had been used as a medical office earlier in its history, at the time of demolition the Huns had subdivided it and were renting out apartments within. The interior plan reflected that conversion and use.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Two different versions have been offered of the early history of 149 Washington. The National Register nomination dates it to around 1830, identifying the owner as John F. Bacon, then a local lawyer and clerk of the state senate. Contemporary records show that he bought the property in 1828, and already owned the neighboring lot. The architect is, according to the nomination, unknown.</p><br>
<p>However, Herman Loth, who sketched and photographed the property in 1934 for the Historic American Buildings Survey, dates its construction to 1820. He identifies the first owner as a "Mr. Wood" and strongly believes the architect to have been Philip Hooker, designer of the original Albany Academy building in Academy Park, from the same era, and the First Church in Albany. "The characteristics of the interior unquestionably point to the fact that Philip Hooker was responsible for the design of the house if he was not actually the architect," he wrote in his report.</p><br>
<p>"Mr. Wood" seems to have been Bradford Wood, a younger lawyer who bought the house with his new wife, Eliza, from Bacon in late 1834. The older man had lived there for only one year, and then went to live at the boarding house where he and Wood had both previously lived. Over the 50 years that they lived in the house, the Woods gradually purchased all the land on the block between Dove, Elk, Lark and Washington, as the city slowly grew around and past it.</p><br>
<p>In 1892 another young professional, Henry Hun, bought the house with his new wife. The Huns would record an equally long tenure in the house. A physician and professor at what is today the Albany Medical College, he was from a prominent local family descended from the citys early Dutch settlers. He specialized in neurology, and after writing several early textbooks in the field chaired the American Neurological Association for two years. The houses proximity to what was then Albany Academy for Girls was also important to Hun, as he was an alumnus of the boys school and chaired the combined schools board of trustees for many years.</p><br>
<p>Shortly before his death in 1924 the second house, at 149½ Washington, was built when Huns daughter Lydia married Kenneth Reynolds. Its similarities to the original house placed it firmly within the new Colonial Revival mode. Huns new son-in-law, a second cousin to prominent Albany architect Marcus T Reynolds, was himself an architect and worked in his cousin&#39;s office at the time. He may have designed the house.</p><br>
<p>Huns own son, a physician also named Henry, moved into the main house and took over his fathers practice the next year. He continued to live and work there until his own death in 1924. At some point the large rear porch was added to 149 Washington. After his death the houses were listed on the Register and then demolished. and Service Employees International Union.</p><br>
